Appledog - sd

akira_engine

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-27T14:59:21+00:00

Akira Engine Version 1.0 The Akira Engine is a new co-processor chip powered by the SD-0064 sample. It uses the Akira-Sword protoculture and was first used to accelerate Star Forth 1.0 from ~115,000 words per second to over 400,000 words per second.

appendix_3_memory_map

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-27T01:41:01+00:00

Appendix 3. Memory Map This is Appendix 3 of the SD-8516 Programmer's Reference Guide. Memory Map BANK 0 – User RAM & System Variables ($00,0000–$00,FFFF) Address Range Size Name / Area Description / Notes $000000–$00FFFF 61,184 B User RAM General purpose free RAM $000100–$00FF00

appendix_4_instruction_set_architecture

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-04T08:05:32+00:00

Appendix 4 Instruction Set Architecture Load/Store Instructions Byte Code Example Description 00 LD_IMM LDA $5 Load register with immediate value 01 LD_MEM LDA [$5] Load register from memory location 02 LD_REG LDA [X]

appendix_5_sound_system

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-28T09:05:53+00:00

Appendix 5 Sound System This is Appendix 5 of the SD-8516 Programmer's Reference Guide. Introduction The SD-8516 is paired with the SD-450 sound subsystem; named for featuring 4 independent voices with 5 waveforms available, each with a programmable ADSR envelope. Let's dive in with an overview of the architecture and a quick look at INT 11h, the sound services library. If you are just interested in how to play sounds and music in your own games, you can skip ahead to

appendix_7_kernal_functions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-22T08:49:17+00:00

Appendix 7 KERNAL Functions System Interrupt Table for the VC-3 system, running on the SD-8516. Introduction The following is a list and short explanation of the System Interrupt Table; the user-facing part of the KERNAL that you can interact with.

assemblyscript_in_c

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-21T01:59:22+00:00

AssemblyScript in C If I had known that the project would be as difficult as it turned out, I just would have done the whole thing in C. It's too late for that now, and I can't break 100 MIPS on a baseline system (GeekBench i7-12700K). Well, that isn't entirely true. This is the story of how I broke the 100 MIPS barrier.

atari-st_assembler

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-22T23:26:28+00:00

Atari-ST Assembler Book: The Atari-ST had an assembler that piggybacked on BASIC. Our SD-8516 assembler works on a very similar principle. The book shown above, “The Atari-ST Assembler” by Don Inman and Kurt Inman is an excellent introduction to assembly language in general, and you will find most of the concepts familiar to how the SD-8516 works.

code_gremlins

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-01T04:17:58+00:00

Code Gremlins The SD-8516 Gremlin strikes again 😈 Gremlin Catalog Gremlin Symptom Fix CABC Gremlin JC/JNC backwards everywhere Remember: CF = (A >= B), JC = jump if >= AH Garbage Gremlin Numbers like 58922 instead of 42 Always `LDAH #0` before 8-bit accumulation

ed

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-25T06:01:19+00:00

ed ED, the classic text editor, is now available. SD-8516 KERNAL ROM v0.7.3 contains an implementation of the full 1969 spec for ed. You can start it by typing ed at the ready prompt. History In August 1968 at Bell Labs, Ken Thompson was on the verge of something huge. Working on a humble PDP-7 computer, he began building Unix; a brand-new operating system that would eventually change the world. To bootstrap Unix from nothing, Thompson realized he needed exactly three critical tools, like the…

emulation_benchmarks

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-22T14:39:08+00:00

Emulation Benchmarks I have a working theory that the feel of a system is defined by it's limits. Meaning, “this is what we can give you, and no more”. Within this space lives the programmer. When restraints are tight the programmer must work hard and come up with something special just to make something in the first place. When restraints are removed, programmers get lazy. Well let's be honest

flag_operations_are_free

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-15T05:32:34+00:00

Flag Operations are Free * By Appledog * January 11th, 2026 Abstract Discoveries made during profiling to determine what was slowing down my CPU emulator revealed some surprising insights into emulation implementation. Issue Sometime during the development of the SD-8516 virtual retro CPU, the processing speed went from 60 mips to under 15 mips. I first thought it was my mac, since I benchmarked it on my mac and only got 20 mips. I was pretty upset and went down a rabbithole of trying to…

game_3_rogueima_i

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-08T18:34:22+00:00

Game 3. Rogueima I * SD-8516 Assembly Language * Part II Writing Games in Assembly Language * This is Part III. Introduction Let's make a new game. This game will be called Rogueima I: Moongate. Or something. It doesn't really have a name, but I'm calling it that name right now because it's pretty good. Yeah you know what, I'm calling it that! And you can't stop me. You will just have to come up with your own name later. Sorry, it's too late; I called it and I also call no takey-backeys i…

hall_of_fame

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-09T00:35:01+00:00

Hall of Fame “And we will glorify your name; you will be a bust in the hall of fame.” -Munchkin Mayor, The Wizard of Oz * scratchminer - Helped with the ISA and several bug fixes. 2006 Beta Tester Team * toga * The Enemy * michaeltheratz

hexmon

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-24T12:50:17+00:00

HEXMON wozmon is a tiny but elegant monitor program Steve Wozniak wrote for the original Apple-1 computer in 1976. It lets you examine memory, change memory, and run machine-language programs directly from the keyboard. This tutorial is designed to teach you how to use HEXMON, which is a very similar program.

history

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-02T02:12:16+00:00

History -- “This is a computer that never existed. But if it had, it would have changed the world.” --DatCube82 1972: The 8080 The standout “famous chip” of the early 70s, the Intel 8008 and 8080 were widely regarded as the world's first commercially available microprocessors. The 8008 in 1972 was the first 8-bit microprocessor, an important step up for handling text/characters (not just numbers). It saw some use in early terminals and systems. By 1974, just before the 6502, the the Intel …

int_12h_string_services

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-07T06:11:30+00:00

INT 12h String Services Catalog ; ============================================================================ ; INT 12h - STRING SERVICES ; A library of string functions intended to support programming in assembly, ; or to be used by a higher level language implemented in assembly. ; February 7th, 2026, 10:20AM -- passed all 85 tests on the SD-8516 ; ============================================================================ ; Function dispatch via AH register: ; AH=00h: strlen - Get stri…

march_2026_closed_beta

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-27T03:45:31+00:00

March 2026 Closed Beta Before I release this project to everyone, I want it to be the best it can be. If you would like to, you can join our project as a beta tester! Just let me know and I will tell you the secret website address where the project is hosted.

mode_6_test_chamber

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-16T04:16:59+00:00

Mode 6 Test Chamber Unbeknownst to all, a split had occurred. A rift in time. This is their story. The humming neon of Resonance Laboratories’ Epsilon Containment Facility had taken on a deeper, almost expectant amber hue as Dr. Vance Halberg and

music_file_format

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-02T13:35:52+00:00

Music File Format How to do it? Proposal 1: Text file * on a row: CWND CWND CWND CWND * “Channel, Waveform, Note, Duration” ex 12G4Q is channel 1, waveform 2, note G4, quarter note * Can have commands like TEMPO = 90 and ROW=HalfNote (meaning 180 rows/minute for Tempo=90)

one_instruction_per_cycle

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-12T05:24:02+00:00

One Instruction Per Cycle When discussing emulators, people often bring up the concept of “cycle accurate” emulation. This means that some instructions take longer to execute than others. On a C64 for example, it does not execute one instruction operation per cycle, but rather it takes an average of 3.1 to 3.3 cycles to complete the average instruction. Therefore, on a 1.024

part_ii_writing_games_in_assembly_language

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-11T04:33:57+00:00

Part II: Writing Games in Assembly Language News: Game 3 is under construction, at Game 3 Rogueima I. For now Part 1 (Robot) is finished, and we are working on finishing Game 2 before working on Rogueima. Introduction At the end of SD-8516 Stellar BASIC we wrote a game called ROBOTS.BAS. This was a fun take on the classic CHASE or 'robots' game from the bsd games collection. Now, for our study of Assembly Language, let's write a similar game: 'robots.asm'. Don't worry if you're not familiar w…

robots-2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-10-03T06:38:36+00:00

Robots Part 2 This part of the code was taught to Roger on September 26th. Rocks and Robots The first thing we want to do is add one robot and one rock to make the game world feel less lonely and work on the rules of the game. If the game works with one, it can work with more. This is induction!

robots-3

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-10-06T02:03:08+00:00

Robots Part 3 Goals Here are our goals for today: 1. Finish the game! This means we need a list of features we want to implement, and a list of bugs we need to fix. Then, we 'freeze' these lists and only work on adding the named features and fixing the named bugs.

robots-4

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-10-06T02:33:08+00:00

Robots Part 4 * This isn't really a 'robots' class, but we will use the robots game as a base. * Our goal is to import and use a sprite sheet. * We will need to make a SpriteSheet class. * We will need to make a Sprite class. * ALL objects will be drawn by blitting the sprite. The sprite class will pull the correct image for animation.

robots

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-09-27T00:31:53+00:00

Robots Part one of this class was taught to Roger on Sep. 19th 2023. This discusses the basic addition of map and player. In part two we add rocks and robots, and in part 3 we finish the game. * Part 2 * Part 3 PyGame Console Starter We begin with the standard PyGame console starter program:

rob_pike_s_5_rules_of_programming

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-19T02:32:19+00:00

Rob Pike's 5 Rules of Programming * from: Rob Pike's 5 Rules of Programming Rule 1. You can't tell where a program is going to spend its time. Bottlenecks occur in surprising places, so don't try to second guess and put in a speed hack until you've proven that's where the bottleneck is.

rogueima_i_mvp_1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-11T02:45:04+00:00

Rogueima I MVP 1 * See: Part II Writing Games in Assembly Language (Game 2: Rogueima) rogueima.sda draw.sda

sd-8516

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-24T14:04:39+00:00

SD-8516 The SD-8516 is the next CPU design, based on the SD-8510 (see: VC-2). Books * SD-8516 User's Guide * SD-8516 Programmer's Reference Guide Tutorials and Guides * SD-8516 Stellar Basic V1.0 * SD-8516 Assembly Language Reference Materials * VC-3 System Interrupt Table * Code Gremlins Program Listings * Stellar BASIC Programs A collection of free programs available for the SD-8516. * Assembly Programs A list of example machine language programs that you can run on your S…

sd-8516_assembly_language

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-05T09:51:29+00:00

SD-8516 Assembly Language Here you can learn all about writing Assembly Language programs for the SD-8516. You may also be interested in: Part II: Writing Games in Assembly Language. Introduction Welcome to a quick overview of SD-8516 Assembly Language! If you are new to programming, it is suggested that you first read the

sd-8516_isa_review

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-10T03:24:08+00:00

SD-8516 ISA Review Why was VC-3 Created? * VC-0 was NetWhack, a roguelike game I had written in Java, and had rewritten in various other languages, like Python and Javascript. I wasn't happy with the lack of blocking input in JavaScript, so I wrote VC-1.

sd-8516_page_2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-02T07:24:03+00:00

SD-8516 Page 2 These aren't the droids you're looking for (return to page 1). Director Commentary * This machine does not exist. * Flag Operations are Free -- A discussion of flag operations via profiling various instructions * Emulation Benchmarks -- How SD-8516 emulates various systems * AssemblyScript in C -- A practical, real-world look at how C can be used to compliment AssemblyScript *

sd-8516_programmer_s_reference_guide

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-30T12:07:39+00:00

SD-8516 Programmer's Reference Guide * NOTE: If this is your first time reading about the SD-8516, you may wish to read the SD-8516 User's Guide first! * Also see: Tutorials and Guides 1. Introduction The Stellar Dynamics SD-8516 represents a categoretroical reimagining of microprocessor architecture. This 16-bit CPU, implemented in AssemblyScript for the VC-3 computer system, delivers performance exceeding conventional silicon constraints through advanced cross-boundary resonance microcas…

sd-8516_stellar_basic

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-05T14:18:24+00:00

SD=8516 Stellar Basic Stellar BASIC Stellar BASIC started life as a typical microcomputer TinyBASIC and has grown to include several features of a more complete microcomputer BASIC such as DIM, READ/DATA, strings (ex. A$) and string operations. It is implemented in SD-8516 Machine Language, and comes standard in the VC-3 Kernal for the SD-8516.

sd-8516_summer_game_jam

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-22T17:19:29+00:00

SD-8516 Summer Game Jam \\\ Not for distribution prior to April 1st, 2026 \\\ The SD-8516 Summer Game Jam is an exciting opportunity for retro computing enthusiasts, hobbyist developers, and fans of 1970s/1980s arcade and home console classics to create games for the SD-8516 platform!

sd-8516_user_s_guide

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-02T07:13:46+00:00

SD-8516 User's Guide CHAPTER 1: How to Use the VC-3 To start using your new VC-3 system you will need to know how to load and run programs, and where to get help. This guide will be your help, and you can always find me on Discord or ask on our subreddit (r/sd8516) if you have any further questions.

start

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-05T14:08:02+00:00

SD-8516 The SD-8516 is the next CPU design, based on the 8-bit SD-8510. Books * SD-8516 User's Guide * SD-8516 Programmer's Reference Guide * Appendix 3 Memory Map * Appendix 4 Instruction Set Architecture * Appendix 5 Sound System * Appendix 7 Kernal Functions * Write your own Adventure Games in BASIC SD-8516 edition Tutorials and Guides * SD-8516 Stellar BASIC * SD-8516 Assembly Language * Part II Writing Games in Assembly Language * Star Forth Information about SD/FOR…

star_forth

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-17T06:54:05+00:00

Star Forth Starting Forth is available online at Starting Forth Online Edition. Another book: Threaded Interpretive Languages. Welcome to Star Forth SD/FORTH 1.0 * 32-bit cells, subroutine-threaded * 32-bit signed integer math * 87 native words: BYE, ., .S, CR, DUP, DROP, SWAP, OVER, +, -, *, /, MOD, EMIT, DEPTH, WORDS,

star_forth_dictionary

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-01T09:14:30+00:00

Star Forth Dictionary Also see: Star Forth Test Suite Here is a list of each word that comes standard in Star Forth. Included is a short definition as to its general usage. + (add) This adds the two numbers on the top of the stack and pushes the result. 1 2 + . This puts a 1 and a 2 on the stack, then adds them and pushes the result. Then, the . (dot) command prints the result, which is 3:

star_forth_test_suite

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-03T17:25:26+00:00

Star Forth Test Suite Current version: 1.0 Benchmarking Benchmark Words/Sec. Notes SimpleBench 1.3 mil/sec loop overhead Stackbench 725,000 Stack operations FizzBench 460,000 Branch-heavy code MathBench 800,000 Math-heavy code and bitwise

stellar_basic_programs

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-27T12:09:30+00:00

Stellar BASIC Programs Welcome to the Stellar BASIC program archive!Herein you will find a collection of programs that have been submitted by the community and are free for use. In order to be considered for this collection you must request consideration by submitting your program.

the_sd-8510_unveiled

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-07T13:48:32+00:00

The SD-8510 Unveiled The Meeting The auditorium’s fluorescent lights buzzed as Dr. Issac Korr tapped the podium mic. Behind him, a tarp-covered object hummed faintly. Too faintly, thought Halberg. “Colleagues,” Izzy began, clearing his throat with deliberate ceremony, “I give you the next step in synthetic-computational evolution. The KorrTronix-9001. It's over 9,000.”

this_machine_does_not_exist

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-10T05:33:13+00:00

This machine does not exist. This machine does not exist. It never did. but if it had, it would have changed everything. Back in the day, when I was growing up, there was a series of books from Usborne publishing like “Write your own BASIC Games

tinyc-1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-19T15:05:34+00:00

TinyC-1 This page is about bootstrapping TinyC-1, a typical bootstrapping C compiler, in assembly language, on your own custom architecture -- in this case, the SD-8516 The Plan Well, I wrote the SD-8516, I spent a long time trying to implement BASIC on it, and then I did Forth. Forth was a lot easier than BASIC. In any case I learned quite a bit, and I think i'm up to the task of tackling C now. Pound for pound, it is not terribly difficult as long as you start with some very basic goals.

what_s_a_language

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-19T08:01:08+00:00

What's a Language? Wake up, Neo. Wake up.. and smell the ashes. Low Level Languages In “Thinking Forth”, Leo Brodie writes: ... Assembly-language is a low level language. A computer runs instructions on its CPU. In assembly, the instructions look like this:

write_your_own_adventure_games_in_basic

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-07T08:08:32+00:00

Write your own Adventure Games in BASIC * SD-8516 edition From the Author When I was growing up, somehow, my friend lent me his VIC-20 in exchange for my intellivision to play the new D&D game. I remember playing games like GOLF and PIRATE ADVENTURE. Then when I was 9 an uncle gave me the D&D Red Box for Christmas. Later, I got a C128 and started playing games like Temple of Apshai, Sword of Fargoal, The Wizard, Zork, the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, and Trinity. During these formative…

zero_page_technology

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-07T04:24:59+00:00

Zero Page Technology Part I: Zero Page Technology In the humming neon lab of Resonance Laboratories’ Epsilon Containment Facility, two engineers in white coats stood over the prototype board, its copper traces glowing like angry circuitry veins.